Mechanical Solidarity

Definition

Mechanical solidarity is a concept in sociology introduced by Émile Durkheim that describes the type of social cohesion found in small, traditional societies where people share similar jobs, beliefs, values, and ways of life. This form of solidarity arises because individuals perform very similar tasks and are not highly differentiated from one another. As a result, their sense of belonging and shared identity is strong, which helps maintain social order and cooperation.

Example

In a small fishing village, everyone knows each other and works together to catch fish, prepare meals, and care for the community. In this scenario, most people have similar roles and responsibilities, and there is little division of labor beyond age or gender-based tasks. The shared experiences and mutual dependence among villagers create a strong sense of unity and collective identity, exemplifying mechanical solidarity.

Why It Matters

Mechanical solidarity matters because it helps us understand how societies with low social differentiation maintain cohesion and cooperation. In such societies, similarities in roles and values foster trust and mutual support, which are essential for survival. However, this type of solidarity can also limit individuality and adaptability, as rigid conformity to shared norms may stifle creativity or change. Understanding mechanical solidarity is useful for analyzing how different types of societies function and evolve over time.