Control Theory

Definition

Control theory (deviance and crime) is a criminological perspective that suggests individuals are less likely to engage in deviant or criminal behavior when they have strong social bonds, such as attachment to family, commitment to school or work, involvement with peers, and belief in societal rules. According to Travis Hirschi, who developed the theory, these bonds act as "internal controls" that deter people from breaking the law because they fear losing the respect and trust of others or damaging their own reputation.

Example

A teenager is tempted to shoplift at a local store. However, they decide not to do it because they care about their parents' opinion and don't want to disappoint them. This decision reflects control theory, as the teen's attachment to their family and belief in following rules prevent them from acting on the temptation.

Why It Matters

Control theory matters because it provides a framework for understanding how social relationships can influence behavior and deter crime. By focusing on building strong connections within families, schools, and communities, this theory offers practical insights for preventing deviance and crime before they occur. Instead of relying solely on punishment after the fact, control theory emphasizes fostering positive social bonds to encourage conformity and cooperation. This approach helps policymakers design interventions that strengthen these ties, ultimately reducing rates of delinquency and criminal activity.