Lombroso, Cesare Theory of Deviance

Definition

Cesare Lombroso, an Italian criminologist from the late 19th century, proposed a theory that linked criminal behavior to physical traits, viewing criminals as "atavistic" or throwbacks to earlier stages of human evolution. He believed individuals with certain facial features, skull shapes, and body measurements were predisposed to crime due to these traits indicating a lack of civilization.

Example

Think of a child who exhibits facial asymmetry and an unusual skull shape. Based on Lombroso's theory, he may be perceived as having a propensity for violence due to these characteristics. This could lead to the child being treated differently due to misperceptions. This highlights how Lombroso's ideas led to stigmatization, focusing solely on a subjective analysis of physical traits rather than considering other factors.

Why It Matters

Lombroso's theory was influential but flawed, leading to unethical practices like judging crime propensity based on appearance. While it introduced a scientific approach to criminology, his methods were biased and subjective. Although discredited today, his work shifted focus towards scientific inquiry in criminology, paving the way for more comprehensive modern approaches that consider multiple factors influencing behavior.

In summary, Lombroso's theory, while groundbreaking for its time, had significant flaws. It emphasized a subjective analysis of physical traits as indicators of deviance. Modern criminology has moved beyond these ideas, embracing a more holistic view of criminal behavior, yet acknowledges the scientific foundation Lombroso laid despite his theories' shortcomings.