Behavioral Theories of Deviance

Definition

Behavioral theories of deviance explain how individuals learn and adopt deviant behaviors through their interactions with others in society. These theories suggest that people are not inherently deviant but rather learn deviance by observing, imitating, or being influenced by those around them. Key concepts include differential association (the idea that people learn to be deviant when they interact with others who view deviance as acceptable) and social learning theory (which emphasizes the role of reinforcement, punishment, and observational learning in shaping behavior).

Example

A high school student who has never been involved in any delinquent activities joins a peer group that frequently skips class and vandalizes school property. Through spending time with this group, the student begins to see these behaviors as normal and acceptable. Over time, the student starts skipping classes and joining the group in acts of vandalism, even though the student initially did not believe in such behavior. The sense of belonging in the group acts to reinforce the behavior. When some of the students' peers are expelled for their behavior, the student changes behaviors. The punishment received by the peers influenced their perception of the behavior. This scenario illustrates how behavioral theories of deviance explain how individuals can learn and adopt deviant behaviors through social interactions.

Why It Matters

Behavioral theories of deviance are important because they help us understand how societal influences shape individual behavior. By identifying the factors that lead people to engage in deviant acts, these theories provide a foundation for developing interventions and policies aimed at reducing crime and delinquency. For example, by addressing the social environments that promote deviance (such as gangs or peer groups), we can help individuals make better choices and break cycles of negative behavior. This understanding is important for creating safer communities and supporting individuals before they become deeply involved in harmful activities.