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Conditioned Stimulus
Definition A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral signal or event that, after being repeatedly ...
Conditioned Response
Definition A conditioned response is a learned reaction to a specific stimulus that occurs after ...
Classical Conditioning
Definition Classical conditioning is a psychological learning process where an individual learns ...
Associative Learning
Definition Associative learning is a process by which individuals learn to connect two or more st...
Segregation
Definition Segregation in sociology refers to the systematic separation of different groups of pe...
De Jure Segregation
Definition De jure segregation refers to the enforced separation of people based on race, ethnici...
De Facto Segregation
Definition De facto segregation refers to the separation of people based on race, ethnicity, or o...
Nature vs Nurture Issue
Definition The nature–nurture issue is a long-standing debate over the relative influence of gene...
Epigenetics
Definition Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations...
Diathesis-Stress Model
Definition The diathesis-stress model is a psychological framework that explains how mental healt...
Dual Processing
Definition: Dual processing is the principle that the mind operates on two levels at once: a cons...
Automatic Processing
Definition Automatic processing refers to the unconscious or effortless way our brains encode, st...
Effortful Processing
Definition Effortful processing refers to the active and deliberate mental strategies we use to e...
Biopsychosocial Approach
Definition: The biopsychosocial approach is a framework for understanding human behavior and ment...
Indivisible Self Model
Definition The Indivisible Self Model is a psychological concept that emphasizes the idea that in...
Medicalization
Medicalization Medicalization is the process by which non-medical problems become defined and tre...
Sick Role
The Sick Role The concept of the sick role was introduced by sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1951 ...
Providing Aid and Assistance
Providing Aid and Assistance Societies provide assistance for a variety of reasons—some rooted in...
Perspectives on Forced Help
Perspectives on Forced Help At what point—if ever—should a society require someone to accept help...
Power and Authority
Power and authority are foundational concepts in political sociology. Though often used interchan...