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Definition The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut where people estimate the likelihood o...

Definition Representative bias occurs when people make decisions or judgments about individuals b...

Overview Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning that undermine the logic of an argument. They ...

Overview The equivocation fallacy occurs when a word or phrase is used with two different meaning...

Overview The Fallacy of Composition occurs when someone assumes that what is true for individual ...

Overview The base rate fallacy occurs when people ignore general statistical information (the "ba...

Overview An Appeal to Probability is a type of argument where someone claims that because somethi...

Overview The Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy occurs when someone finds a pattern or relationship in da...

Overview The Fallacy of Accent occurs when the meaning of a statement is altered by placing undue...

Overview The Continuum Fallacy occurs when someone treats a range of possibilities as if they are...

Definition Cognitive distortions are patterns of thinking that are based on beliefs or perception...

Overview The Argument to Moderation, also known as the "false balance" fallacy, occurs when someo...

Overview The Argument from Incredulity occurs when someone dismisses a claim simply because it se...

Overview An ad hominem fallacy occurs when someone attacks the person making an argument instead ...

Overview A straw man argument occurs when someone misrepresents another person's viewpoint, often...

Definition A rhetorical tactic in which a person avoids addressing the main argument by focusing ...

Overview A reductionist argument simplifies complex issues by breaking them into smaller parts or...

Definition Thin-slicing is the ability to find patterns in seemingly random events, and to make a...

Definition Nonlocal consciousness refers to the idea that consciousness isn’t strictly limited to...

Overview    The "Hard Problem of Consciousness," a term popularized by philosopher David Chalmers...