Realistic Conflict Theory
Overview
Realistic Conflict Theory, developed by Muzafer Sherif, explains prejudice and intergroup conflict as stemming from competition for limited resources; jobs, land, power, or even status. It’s a cornerstone in understanding why groups often clash, moving beyond simply acknowledging that they do. This isn’t necessarily about malicious intent; conflict arises from perceived scarcity and the drive to secure those limited resources for one's own group. Think of competing departments within a company vying for a reduced budget. Tension naturally increases.
Key Themes
The core idea is that competition can lead to hostility. Sherif’s famous “Robber’s Cave” experiment demonstrated this powerfully; boys at summer camp, initially friendly, developed intense rivalry when competing for limited rewards. Importantly, superordinate goals, shared objectives requiring cooperation, can reduce conflict. When groups must work together to achieve something larger, shared identity strengthens and competition diminishes.
Significance
Realistic Conflict Theory remains incredibly relevant today. It helps explain conflicts ranging from international disputes over resources to everyday workplace friction and even subtle biases. It also emphasizes the importance of shared goals in overcoming those conflicts.