Lazarus' Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion

Definition

Lazarus’ Cognitive-Mediational Theory of Emotion suggests that our emotions are not directly caused by external events or stimuli but rather by our internal cognitive processes—how we interpret and evaluate those events. According to this theory, emotions arise from the way we appraise situations as either harmful, beneficial, or irrelevant to our goals and well-being. This appraisal acts as a mediator between the event and the emotional response.

Example

You receive an email from your boss regarding your recent work performance. If you interpret the email as criticism (e.g., "I’m not good enough"), you might feel anxious or upset. On the other hand, if you see it as constructive feedback (e.g., "This helps me improve"), you might feel motivated or relieved. Lazarus’ theory explains that your emotional response depends on how you cognitively appraise the situation, not just the content of the email itself.

Why It Matters

This theory matters because it emphasizes the power of our thoughts and interpretations in shaping our emotional experiences. By understanding that emotions are mediated by cognition, we can learn to reflect on and modify our appraisal processes. For example, reframing a situation as an opportunity for growth rather than a threat can lead to more positive emotions. This insight is valuable in fields like psychology, education, and mental health, where helping individuals manage their emotional responses often involves addressing their cognitive appraisals. It also highlights the importance of context and personal history in shaping how we evaluate situations and feel about them.