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Sick Role
The Sick Role The concept of the sick role was introduced by sociologist Talcott Parsons in 1951 ...
Sampling Bias
Definition When the sample is not representative of the population. Example A researcher wishes ...
Sample
Definition A subset of a population selected for study. Example A researcher is interested in vo...
Research Question
Definition A question that guides the focus of a research study. Example A researcher has previo...
Research Problem
Definition The issue or topic that a researcher seeks to address. Example A researcher is review...
Replication
Definition Replication refers to the process of repeating an experiment or study under similar co...
Reliability
Definition The consistency of a measure or test over time or across different observers. Example...
Rationality versus Empiricism
Definition Rationality is the approach of using logic, reason, and systematic thinking to underst...
Rationality
Definition Rationality refers to the ability to think clearly, make decisions, and solve problems...
Quantitative Research
Definition Research involving numerical data and statistical analysis. Example A researcher want...
Qualitative Research
Definition Research involving non-numerical data, often used to understand concepts or experience...
Power and Authority
Power: The Ability to Compel At its core, power is the capacity to impose one’s will—even against...
Population
Definition The entire group of individuals relevant to a particular research question. Example A...
Operational Definition
Definition A precise explanation of how a concept will be measured in a study. Example A researc...
Observer Bias
Definition When the researcher's expectations influence the data. Example In a 1963 study conduc...
Observational Research
Definition Research in which the investigator observes and records behavior without manipulating ...
Null Hypothesis
Definition A statement that there is no effect or no relationship between variables. Example A r...
Measurement
Definition The process of assigning numbers or labels to phenomena according to specific rules. ...
Longitudinal Study
Definition Research that involves repeated observations of the same variables over time. Example...
Literature Review
Definition A summary of existing research related to a specific topic. Example A researcher want...