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Sample
Definition A subset of a population selected for study. Example A researcher is interested in vo...
Research Question
Defintion A question that guides the focus of a research study. Example A researcher has previou...
Research Problem
Definition The issue or topic that a researcher seeks to address. Example A researcher is review...
Replication
Definition Replication refers to the process of repeating an experiment or study under similar co...
Reliability
Definition The consistency of a measure or test over time or across different observers. Example...
Quasi-Experiment
Definition A quasi-experiment is a type of research study that looks like a true experiment, but ...
Quantitative Research
Definition Research involving numerical data and statistical analysis. Example A researcher want...
Qualitative Research
Definition Research involving non-numerical data, often used to understand concepts or experience...
Population
Definition The entire group of individuals relevant to a particular research question. Example A...
Operational Definition
Definition A precise explanation of how a concept will be measured in a study. Example A researc...
Observer Bias
Definition When the researcher's expectations influence the data. Example In a 1963 study conduc...
Observational Research
Definition Research in which the investigator observes and records behavior without manipulating ...
Null Hypothesis
Definition A statement that there is no effect or no relationship between variables. Example A r...
Mixed Methods Research
Definition Mixed-methods research is an approach to research that combines both quantitative (num...
Measurement
Definition The process of assigning numbers or labels to phenomena according to specific rules. ...
Longitudinal Study
Definition Research that involves repeated observations of the same variables over time. Example...
Literature Review
Definition A summary of existing research related to a specific topic. Example A researcher want...
Institutional Review Board
Definition A committee that reviews research proposals to ensure ethical standards are met. Exam...
Informed Consent
Definition Ensuring participants are fully aware of the study and voluntarily agree to participat...
Independent Variable
Definition The variable that is manipulated to observe its effect on the dependent variable. Exa...