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Definition The Conflict Theory Perspective on Gender Stratification is a sociological approach that examines how gender-based inequalities can be maintained and perpetuated through power struggles within society. It suggests that societal structures, institut...

Definition The Structural Functionalist Perspective on Gender Stratification is a sociological theory that examines how gender-based inequalities contribute to the stability and functioning of society. From this viewpoint, gender roles are seen as integral par...

Definition The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective on Gender Stratification examines how gender roles are shaped through everyday interactions and the meanings people assign to these roles. This approach focuses on micro-level processes, such as conversations,...

Definition General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) refers to a three-stage process describing how the body responds to prolonged stress. Introduced by Hans Selye, it outlines the stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion, illustrating the body's attempt to adapt t...

Definition General intelligence, often symbolized as g, refers to an individual’s overall ability to understand, learn, reason, and solve problems across a wide range of tasks and situations. The concept was first introduced by Charles Spearman, who proposed ...

Definition Genetics is the scientific study of heredity and variation in organisms. It focuses on understanding how traits, such as eye color or height, are passed from parents to offspring through genes. Genes are units of heredity made up of DNA (deoxyribonu...

Definition The genotype of an organism refers to its complete set of genetic instructions, which is made up of DNA. This DNA contains genes that determine various traits and characteristics of the organism. Each gene can have different forms called alleles, an...

Definition Gestalt Psychology is an approach in psychology that focuses on how humans perceive wholes rather than individual parts. It emphasizes that the mind organizes sensory information into meaningful patterns or structures, allowing us to make sense of o...

Definition: In sociology, "Gesellschaft" refers to a type of social organization characterized by impersonal and contractual relationships, often driven by self-interest and efficiency. It contrasts with "Gemeinschaft," which emphasizes personal, communal bond...

Definition Glial cells are specialized non-neuronal cells found in the nervous system that play a crucial role in supporting, maintaining, and protecting neurons. While they do not directly transmit electrical signals like neurons, glial cells provide essentia...

Definition Group polarization refers to the tendency for group discussion to strengthen the dominant opinions or attitudes of its members, often leading to more extreme positions than any member might have held individually. Groupthink, a concept developed by ...

Definition Glutamate is a type of amino acid that plays a crucial role in the human body, particularly as one of the most important neurotransmitters in the brain. Unlike many other amino acids, glutamate is not directly incorporated into proteins but instead ...

Definition The gustation system refers to the sensory system responsible for detecting and interpreting taste, which occurs primarily through taste buds located on the tongue and other areas of the mouth. It plays a crucial role in identifying different flavor...

Overview Hans and Sybil Eysenck were influential psychologists who developed one of the most widely recognized theories of personality in the 20th century. Their work emphasized the biological basis of personality traits, suggesting that genetic factors play a...

Definition Habituation in classical conditioning refers to a decrease in response to a repeated, unchanging stimulus over time. When an organism is exposed to the same stimulus repeatedly without any significant changes or additional consequences, its reaction...

Definition Harmful dysfunction refers to a concept introduced by Jerome Wakefield in 1992 to define mental disorders. According to this framework, a mental disorder occurs when there is a dysfunction in an individual's psychological mechanisms—processes that h...

Definition Community rating in health insurance refers to a pricing method where premiums (the amount you pay for coverage) are set based on factors such as age, geographic location, and family size, rather than individual health status or pre-existing conditi...

Definition Experience ratings in health insurance refer to a method used by insurance companies to determine premium rates based on the historical claims data of an individual or group. This approach assesses past medical expenses to predict future healthcare ...

Definition A Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) is a type of managed health insurance plan that provides medical coverage through a specific network of healthcare providers—such as doctors, hospitals, and clinics—under a fixed monthly premium. Members usual...

Definition The hidden curriculum refers to the unintended lessons, values, and norms that students learn indirectly through their experiences in an educational setting. These are not explicitly taught or written down in a syllabus but are instead absorbed by s...