Empathy-Altruism Theory
Definition
Empathy-Altruism Theory, developed by Daniel Batson, proposes that genuine altruism is possible and is rooted in the experience of empathic concern. This isn't just feeling bad for someone (sympathy), but actually sharing their feelings. The theory suggests that when we feel empathic concern, it creates a motivation to reduce the other person’s suffering, even if doing so comes at a cost to ourselves. Feeling what another person feels motivates us to help, not because we'll get something out of it, but because they are suffering and we want to alleviate that suffering. Batson distinguishes this from egoistic motivations like wanting to feel good about ourselves, avoiding guilt, or hoping for reciprocity.
Example
You are walking on a college campus when you see someone trip and spill their books and break their glasses. They look visibly upset and in pain. If you experience empathic concern the Empathy-Altruism Theory predicts you are more likely to stop and help, even if you are already late for a very important class. You might help them gather their books and offer to walk them to the health center, knowing it will mean you’ll likely miss the start of the class. An egoistic explanation might be you’d help to avoid looking bad to others, but the empathy-altruism theory argues this help stems directly from the desire to relieve their distress, regardless of the personal cost.
Why it Matters
Understanding Empathy-Altruism Theory is important because it challenges the long-held belief that all helping behavior is ultimately self-serving. It suggests that humans are capable of genuinely selfless acts. If true, this has significant implications for our understanding of prosocial behavior, morality, and the potential for cooperation and compassion within society.