Synapse

Definition

A synapse is a tiny gap between neurons where communication occurs through chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. When an electrical signal reaches the end of one neuron, it triggers the release of these chemicals into the synapse. The neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the next neuron, converting the signal back into an electrical impulse and allowing the message to continue.

Example

Imagine touching a hot stove. Sensory neurons in your hand send signals to your spinal cord. At each synapse along this path, neurotransmitters quickly relay the "hot!" message to motor neurons, which instruct your muscles to pull away. This rapid communication ensures you react instantly to avoid injury.

Why it Matters

Synapses are fundamental to all brain functions, enabling processes like thinking, learning, and emotional responses. They underpin our ability to adapt and remember. When synapse communication falters, it can lead to disorders such as depression or Alzheimer's. Understanding synapses is key to developing treatments for these conditions, enhancing our quality of life.

See Also

• neuron
• neurotransmitter
• reuptake