Confirmation Bias

Definition

Confirmation bias is the tendency to favor information that confirms or supports one's existing beliefs, opinions, or expectations while ignoring or dismissing evidence that contradicts them. It occurs because people often seek out, interpret, and remember information in a way that aligns with their pre-existing views, leading to skewed decision-making and limited understanding of alternative perspectives.

Example

You are deciding whether to buy a car from a particular brand. You have always believed that this brand produces high-quality vehicles, so when you start researching, you focus on articles and reviews that praise the brand while ignoring those that criticize it. When you test drive the car, you notice some minor issues but convince yourself they are not significant because you already believe the brand is reliable. This tendency to seek out information that confirms your initial belief about the brand is an example of confirmation bias.

Why It Matters

Confirmation bias matters because it can lead to poor decision-making by limiting our ability to consider alternative viewpoints and evidence. It can hinder critical thinking, as people may become resistant to changing their opinions even when presented with contradictory facts. This bias can also contribute to misunderstandings, polarization, and conflicts in social, political, and scientific contexts. By being aware of confirmation bias, individuals can strive to seek out diverse perspectives, evaluate evidence more objectively, and make more informed decisions.