Skinner, B. F.
Overview
B.F. Skinner was a renowned American psychologist and behaviorist, best known for his work on operant conditioning and the development of the theory of radical behaviorism. He was born on March 20, 1904, in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, and died on August 18, 1990, in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Significance
Skinner's contributions to psychology have had a significant impact on the field of human services, counseling, and related helping professions. His theories on operant conditioning have been applied in various settings, including education, mental health, and rehabilitation, to shape behavior positively. Skinner's work has also informed the development of evidence-based practices, which prioritize using empirical data to guide interventions and treatments.
Contributions
Skinner is best known for his work on operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of consequences in shaping behavior. He proposed that behaviors followed by positive reinforcement are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by negative reinforcement or punishment are less likely to occur. Skinner also developed various teaching methods and technologies based on these principles, including programmed instruction and teaching machines.
Major Works
- The Behavior of Organisms (1938)
- Walden Two (1948)
- Science and Human Behavior (1953)
- Verbal Behavior (1957)
- Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971)