Conflict Theory Perspective on Social Stratification

Definition

Conflict theory is a sociological perspective that examines how power dynamics, inequality, and conflict shape social structures. From this viewpoint, social stratification is not a natural or inevitable occurrence but rather the result of ongoing struggles between groups with competing interests. The wealthy and powerful (e.g., corporations, political elites) use their resources to maintain control over less powerful groups (e.g., workers, marginalized communities), perpetuating inequality.

Example

Imagine a large corporation where top executives earn millions while factory workers earn minimum wage. According to conflict theory, this disparity is not accidental; it reflects the power imbalance between management and labor. Executives control decision-making processes, including wages and working conditions, often prioritizing profits over worker well-being. Workers, in turn, may organize unions or protests to demand fairer treatment, highlighting the ongoing struggle for resources and power.

Why It Matters

Conflict theory matters because it challenges us to critically examine how inequality is maintained and reproduced in society. By understanding these dynamics, we can identify barriers to social mobility in society. For example, recognizing that low wages are not an individual failing but a result of corporate exploitation can inspire collective action, such as advocating for higher wages or better labor protections.