Sociological Theories of Deviance
Definition
ControlSociological theorytheories (of deviance are frameworks used by sociologists to understand, explain, and crime)analyze behavior or actions that deviate from societal norms, values, or expectations. These theories explore why certain behaviors are labeled as "deviant," who is a criminological perspective that suggests individuals are lessmore likely to engagebe inlabeled deviantas orsuch, criminaland behaviorhow whensocietal theystructures haveand strongpower dynamics influence these labels. Deviance can vary widely depending on cultural context, historical period, and social bonds, such as attachment to family, commitment to school or work, involvement with peers, and belief in societal rules. According to Travis Hirschi, who developed the theory, these bonds act as "internal controls" that deter people from breaking the law because they fear losing the respect and trust of others or damaging their own reputation.group.
Example
AIn teenagera workplace, it is temptedcommon for workers to shopliftturn atin their work late, miss days of work, and badmouth the manager when the manager isn't around. In this environment, a localworker store.who shows up regularly and on time, completes all their work, and avoids conversations about the manager might be seen as "deviant" because their behavior contrasts sharply with the norm. However, theyin decideanother notsetting, towhere do it because they care about their parents' opinionpunctuality and don'tfocus wantare tohighly disappointvalued, them.this Thissame decisionbehavior reflectswould controlbe theory,considered asexemplary therather teen'sthan attachment to their family and belief in following rules prevent them from acting on the temptation.deviant.
Why Itit Matters
ControlUnderstanding theorysociological matterstheories of deviance is crucial because it provideshelps us recognize how societal norms are constructed and maintained. Deviance is not inherently bad; it often serves as a frameworkmirror forreflecting understandingthe howvalues, social relationships can influence behaviorbiases, and deter crime. By focusing on building strong
connections within families, schools, and communities, this theory offers practical insights for preventing deviance and crime before they occur. Insteadchallenges of relyinga solelygiven onsociety punishmentor after the fact, control theory emphasizes fostering positive social bonds to encourage conformity and cooperation. This approach helps policymakers design interventions that strengthen these ties, ultimately reducing rates of delinquency and criminal activity.group.