Sociological Theories of Deviance
Definition
SociologicalControl theoriestheory of(deviance devianceand crime) is a criminological perspective that suggests individuals are frameworks used by sociologists to understand, explain, and analyze behavior or actions that deviate from societal norms, values, or expectations. These theories explore why certain behaviors are labeled as "deviant," who is moreless likely to beengage labeledin deviant or criminal behavior when they have strong social bonds, such as such,attachment to family, commitment to school or work, involvement with peers, and howbelief in societal structuresrules. According to Travis Hirschi, who developed the theory, these bonds act as "internal controls" that deter people from breaking the law because they fear losing the respect and powertrust dynamicsof influenceothers theseor labels.damaging Deviancetheir canown vary widely depending on cultural context, historical period, and social group.reputation.
Example
InA teenager is tempted to shoplift at a workplace,local store. However, they decide not to do it isbecause commonthey forcare workersabout their parents' opinion and don't want to turndisappoint them. This decision reflects control theory, as the teen's attachment to their family and belief in theirfollowing workrules late,prevent missthem daysfrom ofacting work, and badmouthon the manager when the manager isn't around. In this environment, a worker who shows up regularly and on time, completes all their work, and avoids conversations about the manager might be seen as "deviant" because their behavior contrasts sharply with the norm. However, in another setting, where punctuality and focus are highly valued, this same behavior would be considered exemplary rather than deviant.temptation.
Why itIt Matters
UnderstandingControl sociologicaltheory theories of deviance is crucialmatters because it helpsprovides usa recognizeframework for understanding how societalsocial normsrelationships arecan constructedinfluence behavior and maintained.deter Deviancecrime. isBy notfocusing inherentlyon bad;building itstrong
oftenconnections serveswithin asfamilies, aschools, mirrorand reflectingcommunities, this theory offers practical insights for preventing deviance and crime before they occur. Instead of relying solely on punishment after the values,fact, biases,control theory emphasizes fostering positive social bonds to encourage conformity and challengescooperation. This approach helps policymakers design interventions that strengthen these ties, ultimately reducing rates of adelinquency givenand societycriminal or group.activity.