Memory and Learning

Definition Acquisition in classical conditioning refers to the process of learning a new associat...

Definition Classical conditioning is a psychological learning process where an individual learns ...

Definition A conditioned response is a learned reaction to a specific stimulus that occurs after ...

Definition A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a neutral signal or event that, after being repeatedly ...

Definition Extinction in classical conditioning refers to the process by which a conditioned resp...

Definition Higher order conditioning is a concept in classical conditioning where a neutral stimu...

Definition A neutral stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally elicit a specific response fr...

Definition Spontaneous recovery refers to a phenomenon in classical conditioning where a conditio...

Definition Stimulus Discrimination: The process by which an organism learns to respond differentl...

Definition Stimulus generalization in classical conditioning refers to a phenomenon where an orga...

Definition An unconditioned response refers to an automatic, instinctive reaction to a stimulus t...

Definition An unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a res...

Definition Encoding is the process of converting information from our environment into a form tha...

Definition Encoding failure occurs when our brain fails to successfully convert information from ...

Definition Episodic memory refers to the ability to remember specific personal experiences or eve...

Definition Explicit memory refers to the ability to consciously recall specific information or pa...

Definition Flash bulb memory refers to a vivid, detailed, and long-lasting memory of an emotional...

Definition Implicit memory refers to the unconscious retention of information or experiences that...

Definition Long-term memory refers to the brain's ability to store information over extended peri...

Definition Memory is the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved in the br...

Definition Memory consolidation is the process by which newly acquired information or skills are ...

Definition Memory construction refers to the process by which humans organize and interpret past ...

Definition Procedural memory is a type of long-term memory that stores information about how to p...

Definition Schacter's Seven Sins of Memory are seven common ways that human memory can fail us, i...

Definition The self-reference effect is a cognitive phenomenon where individuals tend to remember...

Definition Semantic memory is a type of long-term memory that stores general knowledge, facts, co...

Definition Sensory memory is a type of memory system that briefly holds sensory information immed...

Definition Short-term memory refers to the temporary storage system within our brains that holds ...

Definition Storage in human memory refers to the process by which information is retained and mad...

Definition Behaviorism is a psychological approach that focuses on understanding how people learn...

Definition The Law of Effect, introduced by psychologist Edward Thorndike in the early 20th centu...

Definition Negative punishment in operant conditioning refers to a behavior modification techniqu...

Definition Negative reinforcement is a concept in operant conditioning where a behavior is streng...

Definition Operant conditioning is a learning process in which an individual’s behavior is modifi...

Definition Positive punishment in operant conditioning refers to a process where an aversive stim...

Definition Positive reinforcement is a concept within operant conditioning, a learning theory tha...

Definition A primary reinforcer is a stimulus that naturally reinforces behavior because it satis...

Definition A secondary reinforcer in operant conditioning is a stimulus that gains its reinforcin...

Definition Shaping is a method in operant conditioning where complex behaviors are learned by rei...

Definition Amnesia is a memory disorder characterized by the inability to recall information that...

Definition Memory reconstruction refers to the process by which humans reconstruct their memories...

Definition The misinformation effect refers to a phenomenon in human memory where exposure to inc...

Definition Mnemonics are techniques or tools used to aid memory by associating difficult-to-remem...

Definition Proactive interference is a concept in cognitive psychology that occurs when previousl...

Definition Recall is the process of retrieving stored information from memory when needed. It inv...

Definition: Recognition in human memory retrieval refers to the process of identifying or acknowl...

Definition Relearning refers to the process of revisiting and re-acquiring knowledge or skills th...

Definition Retrieval refers to the process of accessing and bringing information from your memory...

Definition Retroactive interference is a psychological phenomenon that occurs when new informatio...

Definition Suggestibility refers to the tendency of individuals to alter their memories or belief...

Definition Modeling, within the context of social learning theory, refers to the process through ...

Definition Observational learning is a process where individuals acquire knowledge, skills, or be...

Definition The social learning theory suggests that people learn by observing, imitating, and mod...

Definition Vicarious reinforcement and punishment refers to a psychological phenomenon where indi...