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Definition Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards or incentives rather than internal satisfaction or personal interest. It occurs when individuals engage in an activity not because they enjoy it or find it inherently fulfill...

Definition The Facial Feedback Hypothesis is the idea that our facial expressions can influence how we feel emotionally. It suggests that when we express emotions through our faces, those physical actions feed back into our emotional experiences, potentially a...

Definition A fad is a temporary and rapidly spreading phenomenon within a culture or society that becomes popular for a short period of time before losing its appeal. Unlike long-term trends, fads are characterized by their brief popularity and often involve s...

Definition The fight-or-flight response is a physiological reaction that occurs when the body perceives danger or stress. It prepares the body to either confront the threat (fight) or escape from it (flight). This response is triggered by the release of hormon...

Overview The Big Five Model is a widely used framework in psychology to describe human personality traits. It identifies five broad dimensions that capture key aspects of how people think, feel, and behave: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeablen...

Definition Flash bulb memory refers to a vivid, detailed, and long-lasting memory of an emotionally significant or surprising event. Unlike ordinary memories, which often fade over time, flash bulb memories are exceptionally clear and remain highly detailed ev...

Overview Individual Psychology, developed by Alfred Adler in the early 20th century, focuses on understanding human behavior and mental processes within a social context. It emphasizes personal growth, self-awareness, and the importance of how individuals inte...

Definition Fluid intelligence refers to the ability to think logically, solve problems, and adapt to new situations in real time without relying on prior knowledge or experience. It is the capacity to reason, analyze, and make decisions quickly when faced with...

Definition Folkways are social conventions or customary ways of behaving that are considered appropriate in a particular society or culture. Unlike laws, folkways are not formally enforced but are widely followed because they help maintain social order and har...

Definition The foot-in-the-door technique is a psychological strategy where a person makes a small, manageable request first to get someone to agree to something larger later. The idea is that once someone agrees to a minor commitment, they are more likely to ...

Definition Freud's Theory of Dreams suggests that dreams are a manifestation of unconscious desires, thoughts, and conflicts that are too threatening or unacceptable to be acknowledged consciously. According to Freud, dreams serve as a "royal road" to understa...

Definition A Freudian slip refers to an error in speech, memory, or action that is believed to reveal a subconscious thought, desire, or feeling that the person has not consciously intended to express. The concept was introduced by Sigmund Freud, the founder o...

Definition The frontal lobe is one of the four main regions of the brain and is located at the front part of the cerebral cortex, just behind the forehead. It plays a crucial role in higher-order functions such as decision-making, planning, problem-solving, co...

Definition Functional fixedness is a cognitive bias where people tend to see objects or ideas only in their conventional roles or purposes, making it difficult to consider alternative uses or applications. This phenomenon can hinder creativity and problem-solv...

Definition Functionalism in psychology is a theoretical perspective that focuses on understanding mental processes and behaviors in terms of their adaptive functions and purposes. Unlike structuralism, which emphasizes breaking down the mind into its basic com...

Definition The Functions of Family refer to the various roles and responsibilities that families undertake within a society. These functions are essential for maintaining social order, individual well-being, and cultural continuity. The primary functions inclu...

Definition The fundamental attribution error is a cognitive bias that occurs when people overemphasize internal traits (such as personality or character) to explain someone's behavior while underestimating external factors (like the situation or environment). ...

Definition Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter, which means it's a chemical that helps transmit signals between nerve cells in the brain. GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, meaning its main role is to reduce or calm activity in the nervou...

Definition A gene is a segment of DNA that contains instructions for building proteins or RNA molecules, which are essential for the structure and function of living organisms. Genes determine traits such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain dis...

Definition In sociology, Gemeinschaft refers to a type of social group characterized by close personal relationships, shared traditions, and a strong sense of community. It emphasizes emotional connections and collective identity over individual goals or econo...