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Overview The Great Depression is a significant period in world history, known as the longest, most severe economic depression ever experienced by the industrialized Western world. Officially, it lasted from 1929 to 1941, although some of its effects lingered g...

Overview Crime rate is a measure of the number of crimes committed in a specific geographic area over a certain period of time. It is usually calculated as the number of reported crimes per 100,000 population. Crime rates are used to compare the relative safet...

Overview Differential Association Theory (DAT) is a criminology theory that focuses on how   individuals learn criminal behavior through interactions in their social environment. It was   developed by Edwin Sutherland in 1939. Key Ideas DAT suggests that peopl...

Marital Resiliency Perspective The Marital Resiliency Perspective (MRP) shifts the focus from simply preventing divorce to understanding how couples navigate and overcome challenges within their marriage. It   acknowledges conflict is inevitable, and that succ...

Overview The Marital Decline Perspective is a sociological viewpoint that emphasizes the reduction in marriage rates and changes in marital dynamics as significant social trends. This perspective is rooted in the observation that traditional marriage patterns ...

Overview Absolute poverty is a term used to describe when individuals or families lack the basic necessities to survive, such as food, clean water, shelter, clothing, and healthcare. This isn't about not being able to afford luxuries or comforts, but about str...

Overview Meritocracy is a system of social organization where advancement and rewards are based on individual talent and effort. It's the idea that the most qualified and capable individuals should be given opportunities to lead, regardless of their background...

Overview Social mobility refers to how easily people can move up or down the social and economic ladder in their lifetime. It can be likened to climbing stairs. Some social structures make it easier to climb up to better opportunities, while others make it har...

Overview Population Growth Rate is the ratio of the increase in population to the total population over a specified period. It's a crucial concept in understanding demographic trends and socio-economic development. Key Themes Natural Increase: This refers to ...

Overview Replacement-Level Fertility (RLF) refers to the average number of children per woman needed to maintain a stable population, typically around 2.1 births. This rate is important for sustaining economic growth, social security systems, and cultural cont...

Overview The Elderly Support Ratio is a demographic concept that compares the number of elderly individuals (typically aged 65 or more) to the number of working-age adults (usually between 15 and 64 years old). This ratio helps predict societal challenges rela...

Overview Technological Dualism refers to the idea that every technology inherently contains both beneficial and detrimental potential. It’s not simply “technology is good” or “technology is bad,” but rather, a recognition that the same tool can create positive...

Overview Mechanization, automation, and cybernation refer to the increasing reliance on machines and technology to perform tasks previously done by humans. While mechanization often refers to the use of simple machines, automation implies a higher level of com...

Overview Postmodernism is a cultural, intellectual, and artistic movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 20th century. It can be seen as a reaction to modernism, which dominated much of the 19th and early 20th centuries. While modernism was characterized by o...

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of radical social and political upheaval in late 18th-century France. It ultimately toppled the monarchy, established a republic, and reshaped the course of modern history. Historical Context: France Before the St...

Overview Deductive Reasoning is a type of logic where general principles or concepts are applied to specific situations to arrive at conclusions. It moves from given facts or premises to new outcomes or ideas. Key Themes Premises and Conclusions: In deductive...

Overview Inductive reasoning is a type of logical thinking that involves forming conclusions based on observations or evidence. It's the process of inferring general principles from specific examples, moving from particular to broader conclusions. This thought...

Overview Self-Regulation Theory (SRT) is a psychological framework that describes how individuals manage their thoughts, behaviors, and emotions to achieve specific goals. SRT focuses on the regulatory process rather than just the outcome, making it particular...

Overview Hedonic adaptation, also known as "the hedonic treadmill," refers to our tendency to return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive or negative changes in our lives. This concept is based on the idea that humans are adaptable ...

Overview Eudaimonic well-being is a psychological concept focused on living a life of purpose, meaning, and growth. It's about fulfilling our potential as human beings, rather than just seeking pleasure or avoiding pain. This perspective has roots in ancient G...