Equal Protection
Overview
The Equal Protection Clause is a cornerstone of the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits states from denying any person "equal protection of the laws." Enacted in 1868 after the Civil War, it ensures that all individuals are treated fairly and without discrimination under state law. While the federal government is not explicitly bound by this clause, similar principles apply through other constitutional provisions.
Key Themes
- Equality Before the Law: The clause mandates that states treat all people equally..
- Anti-Discrimination: It has been used to challenge laws and policies that discriminate on the basis of protected categories like race (e.g., Brown v. Board of Education).
- Government Neutrality: States must apply their laws impartially, without favoring certain groups or individuals unfairly.
Significance
The Equal Protection Clause is foundational to U.S. constitutional law. It has shaped landmark decisions on civil rights, education, voting, and more.